Psychology

An introductory survey presents general methods and aims of psychological science, contrasting introspection with objective observation and describing experimental techniques such as reaction-time studies. It explains nervous-system organization and mechanisms of reflexes, coordination, and cortical centers that underlie movements and sense processes. Perception and the senses are analyzed, including color, hearing, and bodily sensations, alongside chapters on emotion, instincts, feeling-tone, and motives as preparatory reactions. Attention, habit formation, native versus acquired traits, and different levels of reaction are treated with practical exercises and references to guide further study.