Peat and its Uses as Fertilizer and Fuel

The author examines the formation, varieties, and chemical composition of peat, describing the organic and mineral constituents and the processes that convert plant material into humus. He evaluates peat's agricultural properties—water and ammonia retention, soil structure, temperature effects, nutrient contributions from organic matter and ash, comparisons with stable manure—and identifies potential drawbacks such as acidity or harmful salts. Practical guidance covers excavation, seasoning, and numerous composting methods with manures, guano, ashes, lime, and salts, supported by experiments and regional analyses. The final section assesses peat as a fuel, discussing density, combustion characteristics, and heating value.