Indian Frontier Policy; an historical sketch

A historical survey examines British dealings on the north‑western frontier, tracing diplomatic missions, treaties, and military campaigns from early nineteenth‑century encounters through later expeditions. It situates these actions against the southward advance of Russia in Central Asia and persistent unrest among Afghan rulers and mountain tribes, showing how strategic fears and local ambitions repeatedly produced interventions. The account summarizes major wars, boundary agreements, and frontier commissions, and reflects on the costs and policy lessons that should inform future decisions.