First notions of logic (preparatory to the study of geometry)

The tract introduces elementary formal logic aimed at students preparing for geometric study, defining logic as the study of inference form rather than factual truth. It explains propositions as affirmations or denials, shows reduction of ordinary expressions to simple A is B or A is not B forms, and distinguishes universal and particular propositions. It analyzes negation, the differing meanings of negative words, and the limits of the adage that two negatives make an affirmative. It outlines syllogistic reasoning, classifying syllogisms that yield universal conclusions and those yielding partial conclusions by weakening premises, and emphasizes careful attention to language in forming valid inferences.