Contemporary Socialism

The author offers a historical and analytical survey of contemporary socialist thought and practice, tracing diverging currents such as social democracy, anarchism, and emergent state socialism. National movements and party politics are compared, and leading theorists and schools—including critical examinations of Marxian economics, Lassallean agitation, federalist and academic approaches, and Christian-social proposals—are sketched. Separate chapters treat anarchist doctrine and tactics, Russian revolutionary nihilism, and practical reforms advocated by parliamentary and statist strains. Throughout the work, attention is given to the methods, aims, and social consequences of competing socialist programs and to the ways state action is reshaping or absorbing radical demands.