A Grammar of Colloquial Chinese, as Exhibited in the Shanghai Dialect

A systematic description of the Shanghai spoken vernacular that presents a phonetic alphabet and orthography, a detailed account of tone types and a proposed nomenclature, and comparative notes on Mandarin and neighboring dialects. It examines initials and finals, romanization conventions, and pronunciation rules, then surveys parts of speech with examples and classification of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, conjunctions, particles, and compound groups. A final section addresses syntax, including word order, repetition, government, coordination and subordination, rhythm, and antithesis, while appendices treat elevated colloquial registers and native tables of initials and finals for practical study and reference.