Tunneling: A Practical Treatise.

The treatise surveys the historical development and practical methods of tunnel construction, beginning with site selection and geological surveys and proceeding through alignment and cross-section layout, drilling, explosives, and excavating machinery. It compares approaches for hard rock and soft ground—heading, drift, bench, full-section, shield and pilot methods—details timbering, hauling and centering, and explains masonry and segmental linings. Subaqueous techniques such as compressed-air work, shields, cofferdams and caissons receive extended treatment, illustrated by representative projects. Chapters address ventilation, lighting, accident prevention and repair, relining timber tunnels, and considerations of cost and schedule, with numerous diagrams and case studies to clarify practice.