The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt

The study provides a systematic survey of the Fayum depression, combining topographic mapping, soil surveys, borehole data and field traverses to describe cultivated alluvial plains, remnant lake basins, and adjacent desert plateaux. It analyzes the Birket el Qurun and prehistoric lake remains, lake shrinkage, sand deposition and salinity, and assesses wadis, springs, and evaporitic deposits in Wadi Rayan and Muêla. Structural observations examine strata, dips, terraces, faults and folds to explain the region's origin and drainage, and evaluate the feasibility and hydrogeological consequences of using desert depressions as reservoirs. Maps, sections and water analyses support conclusions about soil composition, permeability and irrigation potential.