The Katipunan; or, The Rise and Fall of the Filipino Commune

A document-based examination of a clandestine revolutionary society that precipitated a late-nineteenth-century uprising, tracing its origins, organizational structure, rituals, and links to freemasonry; it scrutinizes membership composition, internal dynamics and alleged moral and political motives, and offers biographical sketches of leading participants. The author draws extensively on official Spanish documents and a key military statement, appending notes and documentary extracts to corroborate the account. The narrative considers how secret associations and circulating ideologies combined to produce rebellion and assesses how internal weaknesses and organizational choices contributed to the society's eventual suppression.