The Economic Aspect of Geology

A systematic survey explains how geological sciences—mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, structural geology, physiography, and metamorphism—inform the discovery, classification, and genesis of mineral deposits and common rocks. It reviews processes that produce ores, placers, and sedimentary deposits, and offers classification schemes for deposit types. Quantitative chapters discuss production, reserves, distribution, value, and political and commercial control. Applied topics include engineering geology, groundwater, fertilizer materials, coal and petroleum resources, ore alteration, valuation, taxation, conservation, and international resource considerations. Throughout, emphasis falls on rigorous geological training as the foundation for practical assessment, exploration, and policy advice.