The city of Jerusalem

The work offers a concise, chronological survey of Jerusalem’s built environment and documentary remains from its earliest occupation through Hebrew, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Islamic, Crusader, and Ottoman phases. It synthesizes archaeological finds, inscriptions, ancient accounts, and plans to identify and interpret temples, walls, churches, mosques, tombs, and urban infrastructure. Organized by period and theme, chapters address premonarchic traces, the eras of the Hebrew rulers, post‑exilic rebuilding, major construction phases, Gospel‑era sites, the city’s destruction and Roman layout, and medieval and modern transformations. Maps, illustrations, and epigraphic evidence are used to clarify contested locations and show how successive communities reused earlier fabric.