Nationality and Race from an Anthropologist's Point of View / Being the Robert Boyle lecture delivered before the Oxford university junior scientific club on November 17, 1919

An anthropologist examines how encounters between peoples and the shift from a long era of natural subsistence to a brief period of artificial subsistence shaped racial and national sentiments. He argues modern nationalisms and racial conflicts arise from instincts and bodily and social adaptations evolved for small, scattered groups, while rapid colonial expansion, mass communication, and mobilized propaganda have amplified those loyalties into large-scale political forces. The lecture outlines historical context of contact and colonization, contrasts deep biological inheritance with recent social change, and contends that understanding human evolution and instinctive group loyalties is necessary for addressing contemporary racial and national problems in multiethnic polities.