Laboratory Manual of Glass-Blowing

The manual explains selection and properties of soft and hard glass, common defects such as bubbles and devitrification, and proper annealing and flame control. It describes essential apparatus and general operations including cutting, bending, constricting, flanging, rotation, and blowing, with step-by-step guidance aimed at beginners. Progressive exercises teach joining tubes, forming tees and bulbs, sealing a tube through another, and assembling gas-washing, suction and trap devices, while later chapters address capillary work, sealing metals, ground joints, vacuum tubes, and repair techniques.