Is Spiritualism Based on Fraud? / The Evidence Given by Sir A.C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined

A critical survey of Spiritualist claims, tracing how mediums and séances produce phenomena such as materializations, levitations, raps, direct voices, apports, spirit photographs, lights and music, messages from the dead, and automatic writing, and showing historical methods of trickery used to simulate them. The author inspects categories of mediums, reviews cases and alleged evidences—skeptically evaluating contemporary defenders—and distinguishes consolatory appeal from factual truth, arguing that much of the movement's literature and reputation rests on demonstrable deception. Organized by phenomenon, each chapter describes how manifestations have been engineered and how investigators have been misled, aiming to quantify the extent of fraud in the movement.