In Portugal / De Aarde en haar Volken, 1908

A traveler records impressions of Portugal, combining cultural observation, practical travel advice and local anecdotes. The narrator argues for a Latin character among the people, notes their hospitality and fondness for formal honorifics, and dismisses exaggerated warnings about banditry and filth. Practical chapters describe climate and seasons, accommodations and hygiene—clean hotels but notably hard, short beds—and dining customs including frequent use of stockfish. Small customs, such as spittoons in dining rooms and quaint washbasins, illustrate contrasts between modern conveniences and persistent local traditions.