History of circumcision from the earliest times to the present

The book surveys circumcision from ancient origins through global diffusion, tracing religious, social, and ritual contexts and curious practices such as infibulation and suction rites. It reviews historical theories of origin, cross‑cultural prevalence, and attempts to abolish the rite. Medical chapters examine anatomy, phimosis, hypospadias, hermaphrodism, eunuchism, and alleged systemic and local complications including infection, cancer risk, and reflex neuroses. A practical surgical section describes techniques, aftercare, and operative considerations. Interwoven are ethical, philosophical, and public‑health arguments for and against routine performance, supported by case observations and cited authorities.