Die Festungen gegenüber den gezogenen Geschützen

The author assesses how recent advances in rifled artillery affect the design and modernization of fortifications, arguing that no defensive measure is invulnerable yet many remain effective when weighed against cost and purpose. He examines different firing methods—beginning with direct breaching fire at varying ranges—and discusses masonry resilience, approaches for covered approaches, and tactical trade-offs that sometimes force exposed walls. Drawing on contemporary siege experience as empirical tests, he urges case-by-case technical and economic judgment for upgrading existing works rather than wholesale abandonment, and recommends systematic analysis of each type of shot to guide specific engineering responses.