Determining the Age of Cattle by the Teeth

The pamphlet provides a practical method for estimating cattle age by inspecting the eight lower incisor teeth, tracing eruption and wear from temporary calf teeth through replacement by permanent pinchers, intermediates, and corner incisors. It gives an age-by-age sequence—temporary teeth present in early life; permanent pinchers by about two years; successive intermediate and corner replacements between roughly three and five years; and progressive leveling and wearing of teeth through the first decade, with arch shape and tooth form changing by about twelve years—illustrated with diagrams and clear field guidance.