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商子

By Yang Shang
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Philosophy & EthicsPolitics

About This Book

The work advocates a systematic program of state reform that strengthens central authority through uniform laws, fixed rewards and penalties, and administrative standardization. It emphasizes maximizing cultivation and military preparedness while curbing luxury, market privileges, and distractions from communal labor. Detailed measures include regulations on taxation, mobility, officials, land use, and incentives to align private behavior with public needs. Throughout, numerical calculation and practical prescriptions are presented as tools to create fiscal capacity, social order, and strategic advantage for a durable polity.

About the Author

Shang, Yang portrait

Yang Shang

Shang Yang, also known as Shangzi, was an influential Chinese philosopher and statesman during the Warring States period. He is best known for his work "商君書" (Shangjun Shu), which outlines his legalist philosophy and reforms that aimed to strengthen the state of Qin. His ideas emphasized strict laws and centralized authority, laying the groundwork for the eventual unification of China under the Qin dynasty. Shang Yang's contributions to political theory and governance have had a lasting impact on Chinese thought and are studied for their insights into statecraft and legalism.

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